More than 100 patients, and a dedicated validation cohort

The models are developed using angiographic data from more than 100 patients, alongside the ARCADE public benchmark. Their measurements are evaluated on a dedicated validation cohort of 19 patients comprising 909 angiographic series, aligned with a commercial 3D-QCA reference standard.

The two figures describe different things: the first is the data the models are developed on, the second is the cohort their measurements are checked against. In the validation cohort, 29 commercial 3D-QCA analyses are aligned to the exact projection series the operator used. A reference standard matched case by case, to the projection the measurement was actually made on, is what makes an agreement study possible at all.